Synchronous climbing fiber activity enables instructive signaling for cerebellar learning through modulation of disinhibitory circuits

Nature Neuroscience, Published online: 14 May 2026; doi:10.1038/s41593-026-02268-2

Combining connectomics, physiology and behavior, this study shows how the cerebellum decides when to learn. Synchronized climbing-fiber error signals lift an inhibitory signal gate on Purkinje cells, enabling synaptic plasticity and motor adaptation.