Nature Neuroscience, Published online: 25 June 2026; doi:10.1038/s41593-026-02347-4
Deep-brain stimulation (DBS) treats movement and neuropsychiatric disorders through mechanisms that remain unclear. Two studies that combine longitudinal neuroimaging, stimulation experiments and tissue-level analysis show that the effects of DBS evolve in space and time, demonstrating acute effects on network activity as well as providing insights into chronic effects that reshape the networks it engages.