Nature Neuroscience, Published online: 05 March 2026; doi:10.1038/s41593-026-02238-8
Tracking ongoing spontaneous pain in individuals with chronic pain is challenging. Using intensive longitudinal functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) combined with continuous spontaneous pain ratings in two individuals with fibromyalgia, we trained personalized brain decoding models that could track moment-to-moment spontaneous pain fluctuations. Underscoring the need for precision approaches, neither decoding model generalized from one individual to the other.